The Biden administration's expanded export controls on advanced AI chips represent the most significant technology policy shift since the Cold War.
## What Changed
New restrictions target:
- GPUs with performance above 300 TFLOPS
- Manufacturing equipment for sub-7nm processes
- Design software for advanced logic chips
## Winners and Losers
**Beneficiaries:**
- Domestic chip manufacturers (Intel, Micron)
- Allied semiconductor ecosystems (Taiwan, South Korea, Japan)
**Challenges:**
- U.S. companies losing Chinese market share
- Potential retaliation on rare earth exports
- Fragmentation of global supply chains
## Long-term Implications
These controls will accelerate the bifurcation of technology ecosystems, with lasting implications for innovation and competitiveness.